If you’re tired of wearing glasses or contact lenses and are considering laser eye surgery, you’ve likely come across two common procedures: LASIK and PRK. Both are FDA-approved, highly effective, and have helped millions of people achieve clearer vision without corrective lenses. But while their goals are the same, the difference between LASIK and PRK lies in how each procedure is performed and what recovery looks like.
In this guide, we’ll explore how LASIK and PRK work, their key differences, pros and cons, and which option may be better suited for your eyes.
What Is LASIK?
LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) is a popular refractive surgery used to correct nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (hyperopia), and astigmatism. The procedure involves reshaping the cornea—the clear front part of the eye—so that light entering the eye is properly focused onto the retina.
How LASIK Works:
- A thin flap is created on the surface of the cornea using a femtosecond laser or a microkeratome blade.
- The flap is lifted, and an excimer laser reshapes the underlying corneal tissue.
- The flap is then repositioned without the need for stitches.
The entire process typically takes about 10–15 minutes for both eyes, and most people notice improved vision within 24 to 48 hours.
What Is PRK?
PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy) is another type of laser eye surgery that also corrects refractive errors. Like LASIK, it reshapes the cornea using an excimer laser. However, the approach to accessing the corneal tissue is different.
How PRK Works:
- Instead of creating a flap, the outer layer of the cornea (the epithelium) is gently removed.
- The laser is then used to reshape the exposed corneal surface.
- A special contact lens is placed over the eye to aid healing while the epithelium grows back naturally over a few days.
PRK has been around longer than LASIK and is particularly suitable for people with thinner corneas or those involved in contact sports.
Key Differences Between LASIK and PRK
Here are the main distinctions that highlight the difference between LASIK and PRK:
1. Corneal Access
- LASIK: Involves creating a corneal flap.
- PRK: No flap; the epithelium is removed and allowed to regenerate.
2. Recovery Time
- LASIK: Faster recovery—most patients return to work within 1–2 days.
- PRK: Slower recovery—it may take 5–7 days for the initial healing and a few weeks for full visual clarity.
3. Post-Op Discomfort
- LASIK: Mild irritation for a few hours.
- PRK: Moderate discomfort for 2–3 days while the epithelium heals.
4. Risk Factors
- LASIK: Risk of flap-related complications (e.g., dislocation, dry eyes).
- PRK: No flap-related issues; better suited for patients with higher risk of trauma or dry eyes.
5. Candidacy
- LASIK: Ideal for patients with normal corneal thickness and stable prescriptions.
- PRK: Recommended for patients with thin corneas, irregular corneal surfaces, or those in high-impact professions like military, martial arts, or law enforcement.
Which Is More Effective?
In terms of visual outcomes, both LASIK and PRK are equally effective. Studies show that after complete healing, most patients achieve 20/20 vision or better, regardless of the method used.
What really matters is your unique eye anatomy, lifestyle, and risk tolerance. Your ophthalmologist will perform detailed scans of your eyes to determine which option is safer and more effective for your condition.
Pros and Cons Summary
| Feature | LASIK | PRK |
| Corneal flap | Yes | No |
| Recovery time | 1–2 days | 5–7 days or more |
| Discomfort level | Mild | Moderate |
| Long-term results | Excellent | Excellent |
| Ideal for athletes | No | Yes |
| Risk of dry eyes | Higher | Lower |
Final Thoughts
The difference between LASIK and PRK may seem minor on the surface, but it plays a crucial role in determining the right procedure for your vision goals and eye health. LASIK offers the convenience of quick recovery, while PRK provides a safer alternative for those with thinner corneas or higher risk of eye trauma.
If you’re considering laser vision correction, the best next step is to schedule a comprehensive consultation with a qualified ophthalmologist. With the right guidance, you’ll not only understand your options but also choose the safest path to clearer, glasses-free vision.